Disorders of Childhood


Disorders of Childhood included in DSM-IV:

Mental Retardation - intellectual functioning that is significantly below average, accompanied by concurrent deficits in adaptive functioning, and noticeable before age 18.

Learning Disorders - academic achievement in reading, mathematics, or written expression substantially below that expected for age, schooling, and level of intelligence.

Motor Skills Disorder - problems in motor coordination.

Communication Disorders - problems in expressing and/or understanding speech.

Pervasive Developmental Disorders (Autistic Disorder) - severe and pervasive impairment in several areas of development, including interacting and communicationg with others, and exhibiting stereotyped behavior.

Attention-Defecit/Hyperactivity Disorder - a persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that is more frequent or severe than is typically observed in individuals at a comparable level of development. Symptoms must be present before age 7 and interfere with functioning in at least two settings.

Conduct Disorder - a repetitive and persistent pattern of seriously antisocial behavior, usually criminal in nature.

Oppositional Defiant Disorder - a recurrent pattern of defiant, disobedient, and hostile behavior towards authority figures.

Feeding and Eating Disorders of Infancy or Early Childhood - persistent feeding and eating disorders, such as eating nonnutritive substances (pica), repeated regurgitation and rechewing of food (rumination disorder), or persistent failure to eat adequately, as reflected in significant weight loss or failure to gain weight (feeding disorder of infancy or early childhood).

Tic Disorders - characterized by sudden, rapid, recurrent, nonrhythmic, stereotyped motor movements or vocalizations.

Elimination Disorders - repeated defecation in inappropriate places after age 4 (encopresis), or voiding of urine in bed or clothes after age 5 (enuresis).

Separation Anxiety Disorder - excessive anxiety concerning separation from the home or from those to whom the person is attached, to the extent that it causes distress or impairs functioning.

Selective Mutism - persistent failure to speak in specific social situations (e.g., at school), despite speaking in other situations (e.g., with parents).

Reactive Attachment Disorder of Infancy or Early Childhood - markedly disturbed and developmentally inappropriate social relatedness in most contexts that begins before age 5 and is associated with grossly pathological care by parents or other care-givers.

Diagnoses that may be applied to adults, adolescents or children:

Substance-Related Disorders

Schizophrenia

Mood Disorders

Anxiety Disorders

Somatoform Disorders

Dissociative Disorders

Gender Identity Disorders

Eating Disorders

Parasomnias

(Davison & Neale, 1998)

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